A simple pendulum consists of a small, heavy object suspended from a fixed point by a massless, inextensible string. The small, heavy object is called the bob.

Time period of a simple pendulum: The time period of a simple pendulum is the time it takes for the pendulum to complete one full oscillation, i.e., to swing from one extreme position to the other and back.

Formula for the time period of a simple pendulum:

The time period (T) of a simple pendulum is given by the formula:

T = 2π√(l/g)

Uses of a simple pendulum:

• Measuring the acceleration due to gravity (g): The time period of a pendulum depends on the acceleration due to gravity. By measuring the time period of a pendulum of known length, we can calculate the value of g.
• Clocks: Pendulum clocks use the regular motion of a pendulum to keep time.
• Seismology: Pendulums are used in seismometers to detect and measure earthquakes.
• Scientific experiments: Simple pendulums are used in various scientific experiments to study the principles of mechanics and oscillations.
• Entertainment: Pendulum clocks are often used as decorative pieces in homes and offices.

Second Pendulum

A second pendulum is a simple pendulum that has a period of exactly two seconds. This means it takes two seconds for the pendulum to complete one full oscillation (swing from one side to the other and back).

Length of a Second Pendulum

The length of a second pendulum depends on the acceleration due to gravity (g). The approximate length of a second pendulum at sea level on Earth is 99.4 cm.

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